- Visibility 65 Views
- Downloads 28 Downloads
- Permissions
- DOI 10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2019.016
-
CrossMark
- Citation
Spectrum of invasive candidiasis in correlation with CD4+ T lymphocyte count along with antifungal susceptibility pattern of isolates from PLHA patients recruited at a tertiary care hospital in Odisha
- Author Details:
-
Swetalona Pattanaik
-
Amruta Kar *
-
Pritilata Panda
-
Banojini Parida
Introduction: Invasive candidiasis is considered as one of the major opportunistic fungal infections in PLHA patients causing significant morbidity and mortality in these patients with low CD4 cell count. This study was conducted to isolate and identify the various Candida species involved in invasive infections with their antifungal susceptibility pattern and to establish a correlation of opportunistic clinical presentations with patient immune status defined by CD4 cell count.
Materials and Methods: This prospective study included 231 HIV positive adult (>18yrs) patients with clinically suspected invasive fungal infections with CD4 cell count <500>
Results: Majority of patients in the study group were males in age group of 26-30yrs. Most of the invasive fungal infections in HIV positive patients were established to be Candidiasis among which oropharyngeal candidiasis followed by pneumonia were the most common clinical presentations. Most of the patients suffering from candidiasis belong to CD4 cell count ranging between 100-200cells/?l. Candida albicans followed by Candida tropicalis were the common isolates which were highly sensitive to Voriconazole and most resistant to Fluconazole.
Conclusion: A detailed understanding of epidemiology, immune status and antifungal sensitivities among HIV positive patients suffering from invasive candidiasis can alert the clinicians and help in timely diagnosis with appropriate treatment.
Keywords: PLHA (People living with HIV/AIDS), Opportunistic infections, Invasive candidiasis, CD4 cell count, Candida species, Antifungal susceptibility pattern.
References
- UNAIDS DATA 2018. 18
- UNAIDS DATA 2018. 140-1
- Khan PA, Malik A, Fatima N, Shameem M. “Profile of fungal lower respiratory tract infections and CD4 counts in HIV positive patients”. Virol Mycol 2013;2(2):113.
- Mellors JW, Rinaldo CR, Gupta P, White RM, Todd JA, Kingsley LA. Prognosis in HIV-1 infection predicted by the quantity of the virus in plasma. Sci 1996;272:1167-70.
- Chandwani J, Vyas N, Hooja S, Sharma B, Maheswari R. “Mycological profile of sputum of HIV positive patients with lower respiratory tract infection and its correlation with CD4+ T lymphocyte count”. J Clin Diagn Res 2016;10(9):28-31.
- Gautam H, Bhalla P, Saini S, Uppal B, Kaur R, Baveja CP et al. “Epidemiology of opportunistic infections and its correlation with CD4 T –lymphocyte counts and plasma viral load among HIV-positive patients at a tertiary care hospital in India”. J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS care 2009;8(6):333-7.
- Kantheli LPC, Reddy BVR, Shamala R, Anuradha CH, Chandrasekhar P, Rajeswari MR et al. “Isolation, identification and carriage of candida species in PHLAs and their correlation with immunological status in cases with and without HAART”. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2012;16(1):38-44.
- HIV Epidemic Fast Spreads in Orissa, Orissa Current News;5 Apr 2010.
- Devi SB, Naorem S, Singh TJ, Singh KB, Prasad L, Devi TS. HIV and TB Co- infection A Study from RIMS Hospital, Manipur. J Indian Acad Clin Med 2005;6:220–3.
- National AIDS Control Organization(NACO). Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India: Annu Rep 2016-17;24:340.
- Patel SD, Kinariwala DM, Javadekar TB. Clinico- microbiological study of opportunistic infection in HIV seropositive patients. Indian J Sex Transm Dis 2011;32(2):90-
- Annual Report 2009-2010 by Department of AIDS Control, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, National AIDS Control Organization, Government of India. Page No. 1.
- Vajpayee M, Kanswal S, Seth P, N. Wig. “Spectrum of Opportunistic Infections and Profile of CD4+ Counts among AIDS Patients in North India Infection” Infect 2003;31(5):336-
- National guidelines for clinical management of HIV/AIDS. National AIDS Control Organisation, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare(H & FW). New Delhi: Government of India; 2000:17-52
- Giri TK, Pande I, Mishra NM, et al. Spectrum of clinical and laboratory profile of AIDS in Northern India. J Com Dis 1995;27:131-41.
- Kaur A, Babu PG, Jacob M, et al. Clinical and laboratory profile of AIDS in India. J Acquire Defic Synd 1992;5:883-9.
- Delgado ACD, Jesus PR, Aoki FH.. “Clinical and microbiological assessment of patients with a long-term diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus infection and Candida oral colonization,” Clin Microbiol Infect 2009;15(4):364–71.
- Ochiabuto OMTB, Nwankwo A, Enweani B, Okoye JO, Nwankwo M. “Fungal isolation in HIV patients and CD4 count”. Int STD Res Rev 2014;2(2):111-22.
- Pruthvi BC, Vikram S, Suman SK, Jayaprakash B, Rau NR, Spectrum of Clinical Presentation and Opportunistic Infections in HIV: An Indian Scenario,13 th Int Cong Inf Dis e484,2006
- Nagalingeswaran K, Solomon S, Madhivanan P, Yepthomi T, Venkatesan C, Amalraj E et al. Correlation between plasma viral load and CD4+T cell count to opportunistic infections in persons with HIV in South India. Int Conf AIDS 2000;9-14;13.
- Krcmery V, Barnes AJ: Non albicans Candida spp. causing fungemia: pathogenicity and antifungal resistance. J Hosp Infect 2002;50(4):243–60
- Shivprakasha S, Radhakrishnan K, Karim PM: Candida spp. other than C. albicans: a major cause of fungaemia in a tertiary care centre. Ind J Med Microbiol 2007;25:405–7
- Mokaddas EM, Al-Sweih NA, Khan ZU. The species distribution and the antifungal susceptibility of Candida bloodstream isolates in Kuwait: A10 year study. J Med Microbiol 2007;56:255-9
- Capoor MR, Nair D, Deb M. “Emergence of non-albicans Candida species and antifungal resistance in a tertiary care hospital”. Jpn J Infect Dis 2005;58(6):344–48
- Tercas ALG, Marques SG, Moffa EB, Alves MB, Azevedo CMPS et al. “Antifungal drug susceptibility of Candida species isolated from HIV positive patients recruited at a public hospital in Sao luis, Maranhao, Brazil 2017;8(298):1-7
- Viudes A, Peman J, Canton E, Ubeda P, Lopez-ribot J, Gobernado M et al. “Candidemia at a tertiary care hospital: epidemiology, treatment, clinical outcome and risk factors for death”. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2002;21: 767-74.
- Singh V, Lyngdoh WV, Bora I, Lyngdoh CJ, Khyriem AB. A menace of Candida biofilms: prospective study among the intensive care unit patients in tertiary health care centre in North east India. 2018;4(1):13-16.
- Leroy O, Gangneux JP, Montravers P, Mira JP, Gouin F, Sollet JP, et al: Epidemiology, management, and risk factors for death of invasive Candida infections in critical care: a multicenter, prospective, observational study in France (2005- 2006). Crit Care Med 2009;37:1612-8.
- Hachem R, Hanna H, Kontoyiannis D, Jiang Y, Raad I: The changing epidemiology of invasive candidiasis: candida glabrata and Candida krusei as the leading causes of candidemia in hematologic malignancy. Cancer 2008, 112:2493-9.
- Pfaller MA, Jones RN, Doern GV et al: Bloodstream infections due to Candida species: SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance program in North America and Latin America, 1997–1998. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000; 44(3): 747–51.
- Swinne D, Watelle M, Vander FM, Nolard N. “In vitro activities of voriconazole (UK-109,496), fluconazole, itraconazole and amphotericin B against 132 non-albicans bloodstream yeast isolates. Canari study 2004;47:177-83.
- Pfaller MA, Diekema DJ, Procop GW, Rinaldi MG. “Multicenter comparision of the VITEK 2 antifungal susceptibility test with the CLSI broth micodilution reference method for testing amphotericin B, flucytosine, voriconazole against Candida spp. J Clin Micrbiol 2007;45:3522-28. Swetalona Pattanaik et al. Spectrum of invasive candidiasis in correlation with CD4+ T lymphocyte… IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases, April-June, 2019;5(2):75-82 82
- Charlier C, Hart E, Lefort A, Ribaud P, Dromer F. “Fluconazole for the management of invasive candidiasis: where do we stand after 15 years?”. 2006;57(3):384-410.
- Wadhwa A, Kaur R, Agarwal S.K., Jain S, Bhalla P.: AIDS- related opportunistic mycoses seen in a tertiary care hospital in North India; J Med Microbiol 2007;56:1101-6.
- Alves SH, Da Matta DA, Azevedo AC, Loreto ES, Boff E, Santurio JM et al. “In vitro activities of new and conventional antimycotics against fluconazole susceptible and non- susceptible Brazilian Candida spp. Isolates 2006;49:220-5.
How to Cite This Article
Vancouver
Pattanaik S, Kar A, Panda P, Parida B. Spectrum of invasive candidiasis in correlation with CD4+ T lymphocyte count along with antifungal susceptibility pattern of isolates from PLHA patients recruited at a tertiary care hospital in Odisha [Internet]. IP Int J Med Microbiol Trop Dis. 2019 [cited 2025 Oct 19];5(2):75-82. Available from: https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2019.016
APA
Pattanaik, S., Kar, A., Panda, P., Parida, B. (2019). Spectrum of invasive candidiasis in correlation with CD4+ T lymphocyte count along with antifungal susceptibility pattern of isolates from PLHA patients recruited at a tertiary care hospital in Odisha. IP Int J Med Microbiol Trop Dis, 5(2), 75-82. https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2019.016
MLA
Pattanaik, Swetalona, Kar, Amruta, Panda, Pritilata, Parida, Banojini. "Spectrum of invasive candidiasis in correlation with CD4+ T lymphocyte count along with antifungal susceptibility pattern of isolates from PLHA patients recruited at a tertiary care hospital in Odisha." IP Int J Med Microbiol Trop Dis, vol. 5, no. 2, 2019, pp. 75-82. https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2019.016
Chicago
Pattanaik, S., Kar, A., Panda, P., Parida, B.. "Spectrum of invasive candidiasis in correlation with CD4+ T lymphocyte count along with antifungal susceptibility pattern of isolates from PLHA patients recruited at a tertiary care hospital in Odisha." IP Int J Med Microbiol Trop Dis 5, no. 2 (2019): 75-82. https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2019.016